Travertine

Travertine

The name Travertine originates from the name of the Italian city of Trioli, which has many travertine mines. Travertine is a limestone stone of chemical origin, and from the bottom of the nash of  calcium carbonate near   the springs and caves, the presence  of  M.A.Y.D.  and in the colorsof white, cream, coffee, red or yellow, its texture is porous and can be seen in the form  of lam yeh yeh.  There are also  rock holes due to the exhaustion of gases during the tectility and in some cases degradation of plants.

When the water of  the springs flows on the earth’s surface, due to changing physical and chemical conditions, a large amount of its salts is deposited and the sediments of the spring create the factors affecting the composition of these salts, evaporation, cooling, pressure reduction, loss of decarbon dex, bactericidal action. Travertine is one of the types of these sediments of the spring, which is made of calcium carbonate.

The old limestone springs  feed on atmospheric and magmatic waters in line with the faults.  Influential atmospheric  waters in the   depths of the earth, while warming and accompanying gases such as DXYD sulfur,  deoxycarbon and elements such as magnesium, iron, aluminum, etc. They are driven to the upper floors of the  earth, along the way, the concentration of carbonates has increased, eventually at the ground level, at the same time with the drop in temperature and pressure, the withdrawal of additional gases and pH  changes, creatingthe ground for the formation of travertine.  Then calcium carbonate  is converted into calcium carbonate  and the deposition begins, changing  the irrigation regime, which is probably seasonal, changes the amount of colored materials such as aluminum and magnesium, and  multiple layers with colors.   Different formations.

Travertine  is  seen as relatively wide  zones, most of which are horizontal or with a gentle slope in accordance with the morphology of the earth’s surface, mostly in  cream, white, yellow, red, lemon, orange, brown, walnut, gray or a combination of them.

Travertines are often light colored and  rarely      dyed by red iron  oxide or by manganese oxide,  usually  white or milky veins of calcity color, which reduces   its quality, and at the time of payment, under the devices. Submerged and cut, the stone  is  removed from the site of  these veins.

 Due to the presence   of iron, calcium and impurities in it, there may be a discoloration in the stone, which may  be regular or non-regular in the form of very narrow layers, in which case the special texture is similar to the woody find itself   , which is called this paddy texture  and does not have a vein.

 White travertine, like the neighborhood travertine, whose color  is uniformly white and has a uniformly colored veins and pores,  are  more beautiful,  of course, the presence of some colored  veins gives it a special beauty, and now Iran is the only  red travertine donor.

Color travertine  such as Azarshahr travertine in terms of iron oxide impregnation percentage with different oxidation degrees (hematite in red, lemonite in yellow) in  red, walnut, lemon, etc. I can be seen.

Travertine resistance is higher than marble and due to holes in the stone, contraction and expansion is excreted in  terms of cutting the soft stones in terms of   theM.A.Y.D.  and because of its special beauty, demand and its price has grown dramatically over the last few years.

 Travertine  is considered to be a building  stone for the following   reasons than the more widely used and 10-a-end stones  (Nabiyan et al., 1991):

A- Acceptable resistance

B- ideal cutability and polishability

C- ideal  Extraction conditions, because they are often formed by horizontal, low slope and at the missing points of height and attainable  .

D-The absence of tectonic structures due to their youth (after different mountaineering phases are formed).

E- Beauty of appearance and variety of colors

f- Porosity to fully stick to the mortar

G- Cheapness compared to other stones

There are large ranges of travertine in the thighs, some of which  are  red, lemon (yellow), walnut, light gray or white and cream in different parts of the country, the reserves of this stone in the country reach 450 million tons,  some of which are  beautiful and beautiful because of the  quality, color and designs such as red travertine of Azarshahr.  It  has many applicants in the markets of Iran and the world.  Although in some countries such as Bulgaria and Turkey, lemon travertine  exists, butwhich quality of iranian lemon travertine is  known among  its  stakeholders as a luxurious and expensive stone  , and Iran is its exclusive producer.

Basically, travertine  is a stone that is mostly    used  for interior facades  , and for exterior facades of the building, it is better to use marble and chyn. stone, some travertines have  alluvial impurities or iron oxides, which have reduced their value, except in cases where color is painted as a form.    The K-hand changes, in which case it is called a colored travertine.  Its cam webcam is composed of transparent calcite  in every wide variety of  Iranian  travertines, in mahallat, DehshR, Ramsar, Nodoushan Targh, south of Qom, Na band, Maku, south of Zahedan, Sirjan, Kerman, Astaneh Damghan and Azarshahr,  thin or thick layers of aragonite- transparent calcite.

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