The use of building stones in garden paving, special cases and side applications

Garden paving

These stones are widely used and admired by everyone as materials for creating a decorative stone garden and also in the preparation of small decorative buildings. Decorative rock gardens have a long history, dating back at least to the 18th century in Britain and the rest of Europe, while in the East they have a much longer heritage.

Decorative appearance in terms of texture, color and shape, durability, cost and accessibility are the most important factors in choosing garden stones. The most desirable stones for this purpose are mostly porous sand and limestone and not igneous rocks, because the weathering of these stones helps to provide valuable nutrients for mountain plants.

Special cases

Sometimes, especially in industrial areas, the stone may need special properties such as resistance to heat, acids or alkalis. For such purposes, the stone must have the following characteristics:

1. Heat resistant: talc, tuff, andesite, basalt

Resistant to acids: granite, diorite, quartzite, quartzite sandstones, andesite, basalt, diabase

1. Durability: resistant to alkalis: dense limestones, dolomites, sandstones Carbonate, magnesite

Side effects

The by-products of stone mines can be used in chemical industries, cosmetic industries, production of cement paper, stone powder, paving stones, etc., which are usually obtained simultaneously with extraction, cutting and sawing. The cheapest type of this product is a mosaic that consists of cement and small and large pieces of marble, travertine, etc. with different colors, which is used to cover the floor of the corridor, terrace, garden corridors and the exterior space of the building.

Artificial stone is one of the by-products of building stones, which consists of stone fragments in different sizes and colors with cement of special glue (resin) and is produced in the form of desired blocks and then cut and polished to the required thickness. Artificial stone production technology emerged in Italy in 1960, and in the same decade, the first artificial stone production factory started operating in this country. The idea of ​​the emergence of artificial stone was formed when designers and architects felt the need for stones with their desired factors in order to make the spaces more beautiful and eye-catching, including the interior and exterior spaces of buildings and flooring and exterior landscaping. In addition, the building development industry and different tastes state that stones need different designs and physical and mechanical factors with high quality and reasonable price to achieve it. Thus, with the growth of the world’s population and different tastes, natural stones did not respond to this human need and taste. The combinations of materials have been used to create a new face with special beauty and a uniform appearance without changes in color and design. Although the materials for the production of artificial stones are prepared from the components of natural stones. But it is possible to determine the desired color and design by adding pigments and using different materials in artificial stones. The possibility of using various components such as metal parts, fossil grains, precious stone parts in the structure of artificial stone makes the designs and models of artificial stone more and more beautiful and unique. Also, different surfaces can be created for artificial stones.

Artificial stones are very similar to stone and even in some cases they are similar to it in terms of physical-mechanical characteristics and sometimes they show the appearance of granite stone which is an igneous rock. But still those who are interested in natural stone are aware of its properties and benefits and consider its use as a kind of economic saving despite its high price.

Stone powder and crushed stone can be used for carbon dioxide production and rice peeling, paper pulp, soap making and glass industry. Mechanized lime powder is used to make special plastic, paint, and in the form of grains in the ceramic and cement industry, and finally, flowers and mechanized powder from quarry waste are used as soil pH regulators in agriculture.