The use of building stones in the floor of indoor spaces and the floor of the street, sidewalk and the area of ​​houses

Indoor carpet floor

If there are no financial restrictions, stones are the best world-class flooring. Durability, natural color, resistance to the impact of sharp objects, smooth and re-polishable, beautiful and shaping the interior space, good heat retention in underfloor heating systems are the most important advantages of carpeting the house floor with stone compared to other floorings.

In the past, kings wanted marble floors for their magnificent mansions, even today many people still prefer this stone to cover the floors of their homes. Although this stone can be scratched and stained, it has character and identity and gives the building a special beauty and glory. Marble is harder and more flexible than travertine; But it needs more attention to maintain it.

The best type of floor stone for this purpose is marble. The beauty and good acceptability of marble stones has caused them to cut their high-quality type even up to 1×1 meter and sometimes more in stone-cutting factories. Marble is also very suitable for carpet floors in the interior spaces of office or commercial buildings; But for these places, high quality marble should be used, because these places have more foot space than the space of the house, and in addition, the floor surface of such places is not covered by carpets or carpets.

The floor of the street, the sidewalk and the area of ​​houses

The use of stone in urban public spaces is thousands of years old. The famous cobblestones of Rome, Paris and Pasargad are a manifestation of the ancient use of this God-given blessing. In recent times, despite the many advances in the field of architecture and the production of very high-quality and new materials, the use of natural stones still has its own attraction. Among advanced countries, countries such as Italy, France and Germany have taken the lead from other countries in the field of using stone. However, despite the increasing global demand for the use of stone in the streets and public spaces of the city, in the last few decades in Iran, we have seen a decrease in the consumption of this beautiful natural material. The faces of our cities are mostly covered with concrete and asphalt, and our eyes are deprived of seeing the natural beauty of stone on the streets. It is obvious that from the point of view of aesthetics, the use of colors and a unique natural map in the context of cities can give a very beautiful effect to cities. Besides these, the use of stone also has many advantages from a technical point of view. Among them, we can mention the complete presence of stones in the erosion cycle of nature. In fact, unlike cement and asphalt, stones do not cause any environmental damage to nature, because they are a part of nature.

For paving streets and alleys, siliceous or limestone rubble found in rivers, or igneous rocks such as granite, etc. are used. Recently, granite stones with dimensions of 10x10x10 cm are cut with special guillotines and used for paving the streets. The advantages of these stones compared to asphalt are:

• They are more durable than asphalt.

• It needs less expensive infrastructure.

• Wherever repair or replacement is needed, it is easily possible and it does not come out as an awkward patch like asphalt.

Paving stone production is one of the most profitable and economical mining activities in the field of building stones. The cost of producing paving stones is very low for the following reasons:

1. Using very cheap extraction methods.

2. Using waste from active mines as a mineral and producing it as a by-product.

3. Very simple and cheap processing technology (one press and two workers).

The stones used in the sidewalks should be hard, durable and have relatively high wear resistance. The stones should have several minerals and medium grain size. Paving methods are:

A – Using regular plates

Regular plaques may be of various shapes and sizes, and their thickness depends on their other dimensions. Square, rectangle and rhombus are the most common shapes. Depending on the surface of the cover and the remaining distance between the stone pieces, different combinations of these shapes can be created. The procedure can also be paid in different ways, which depends on the needs and type of materials used. Pavers with regular dimensions can be produced on an industrial scale, thus reducing costs and encouraging greater consumption of stone.

B – Use of irregular license plates

Paving with irregular plaques means the use of waste and mine tailings that are placed next to the plaques and between them. The advantage of this method is its cheapness. When using larger plates, the work becomes more attractive. Drainage lines can be secured with wide fittings that must be fully bolted.

C – Rubble

In this method, regular or irregular pieces of different sizes and colors are used. In ordinary urban porcelain, the diameter of the pebbles is 5 to 10 cm, and in more decorative uses, 3 to 5 cm. Perhaps by combining colors and shapes according to geometric designs, larger and more irregular pebbles can be used to create decorations. In this case, it is better to combine pebbles with plaques. Rubbles cause the speed of water flow on the street surface to decrease, and if the location of the drainage holes is determined correctly, water drainage on the surface is easier. It is not possible to completely waterproof the surface and the underground moisture of the adjacent buildings can be dried by evaporation. For the convenience of passers-by, strips of flat and flat plaques can be provided so that smooth and level surfaces appear and the feet of passers-by are always placed in a flat and flat place.

D- Stone bricks

Stone bricks may have different sizes from 4 to 15 cm and their thickness is also different. The remarkable flexibility of stone cubes (bricks) makes it possible to create unevenness, shortness and height on the surface of the earth, and to cover completely irregular surfaces with it, and even to bring horizontal and vertical planes close to each other.

E – Use of mine bypass

Beautiful and attractive mosaics can be created by using discarded parts and mine tailings. These rounds are used in the field of cement or concrete, and plans and combinations are created that are both usable and cheap. This method does not require a lot of investment, and by using it, you can experiment in the field of innovation and creativity.

F – gravel and broken stone fragments

In this method, gravel or stone fragments are placed on a bed of concrete (cement). This is done either on site or by making prefabricated panels in desired shapes that can be assembled later.