Iranian Art in The Recognition and Application of Stone

The life of Iranians has been intertwined with art since the early days, and there is hardly any part of the country that does not benefit from ancient works. Iranians have always used their taste and thought in creating decorative works of art, for example, they produced beautiful collections from simple and dry items around life. Undoubtedly, these works had a decorative aspect. From the very beginning, they built their lives on the basis of decorating and arranging, because they have always been associated with the beauty of friendship and artistic love, and they displayed this pleasing manner in various ways, which by carefully studying the psychological aspects of these works, it can be said that these The mind is not created only for pleasure and happiness; Rather, there are much deeper themes hidden in them; Because most of the beautiful creations were based on religious beliefs.

 The remaining historical monuments in the country indicate that Iranians were well aware of the art of using stone in the construction of palaces, columns, stairs, inscriptions and petroglyphs. There are traces of stone houses in the north of Iran belonging to 7,000 years ago. In these buildings, rubble stone is used along with plaster and lime mortars.

Stone carving in Iran began centuries before Christ, with the provision of tools for hunting animals and the basic means of life, and has gradually reached the peak of its prosperity and prosperity.

The ancient finds, including the objects obtained from the excavations of Tepe Yahya located in Kerman, confirm that the history of this industry reaches 4500 years BC and the discovery of these vessels indicates that in those days, various consumable and decorative objects were carved from green stone in It has been popular in Kerman, but this type of stone is still extracted and sent to Mashhad.

Stone carving in ancient Iran was mostly dedicated to the preparation of agricultural tools and hunting tools and skinning of animals, and the stone tools obtained from the residential cave of the Belt or Hutto cave near Behshahr, which belongs to 8 to 111111111 thousand years BC, also indicate this. has a command

Stone has played a very important role in building historical monuments and ancient works. Among the most important historical buildings, we can mention the palaces of the Achaemenid period, sculptures of the Sassanid period, etc. Takht Jamshid is an outstanding example of the stone-cutting industry of the Achaemenid period. In the Parthian period, stone carving was also common, and its example was found in Biston and in the lower part of the large sculpture of Darius, and later, when a niche was carved on it, it has almost disappeared.

Sasanian period stone carving can be recognized from the carvings and reliefs on the stone, most of which were created on the slopes of the Fars mountains. Most of these motifs were created to show the victory over the Roman sultans. The sculptures in Naqsh Rostam, Naqsh Rajab (located 2 kilometers north of Takht Jamshid), Selmas (located in the northwest of Lake Urmia) and the elaborate sculptures of Taq Bostan near Bakhtran are the most important sculptures of the Sassanid period, except Taq Bostan, all of these sculptures were created in a period of 70 years (between It was built between 225 and 295 AD. Figure 1-1 shows pictures of Iranian historical works.

Looking at the historical works of Iranians, the first question that arises in the viewer’s mind is how and with what means were our ancestors able to separate, carve, move these very large stones from the heart of the mountain, and then build such huge buildings? How were they able to create very tall and thick columns in ancient times? Of course, these are questions that archaeologists have been able to answer to some extent.