Building stone Application

Building stone Application

Since ancient times, stones have been used in the construction of important buildings and structures due to their high durability and resistance. Sometimes it has even been considered as the determining stone of the type of architecture of a region. For example, Takht Jamshid is made of limestone, the historical building of the Italian city of Florence is made of Carrara marble, and the buildings and towers of the city of Bologna in Italy are made of sandstone. Nowadays, due to technological progress in extraction and transportation, the use of stone has gained wide dimensions and it is used in various fields of construction.

According to the type of stone usage, a number of technical specifications of building stones must be measured and matched with the technical requirements of the plan. These specifications are included in the table below. According to Shastoprov’s theory, cutable stones can be divided according to various uses as described in the table below.

Technical specifications of construction stones according to application type

Application	Technical specifications that need to be measured	Suitable typesof stones
Covering interior walls	Special gravity,bending resistance, tickling	Limestone, Marble, Tuff, Gypsum, Onyx Marble
Interior floors and staircases	Special gravity, hardness, abrasion resistance, tickling.	Ganais and Quartzite
Exterior View	Water absorption, specific gravity, hardness, expansion coefficient, flexural strength, tensile strength, bandane resistance, tickling (depending on the design objective)	Dense limestones, sandstones, marble types, granite, sinite, dionite, gabbro, basalt
On the street floor, P.Ede.	Grain size, water absorption, specific gravity, hardness, expansion coefficient, compressive strength, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, bandane resistance	Dense limestone, sandstone, tuff, granite, diorite, basalt, diabas
Roofing	Water absorption, specific gravity, hardness, expansion coefficient, flexural strength, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, bandage resistance	Slate, chlorite sets and MKS.
Walls and foundations	Water absorption, specific gravity, hardness, compressive strength,bending resistance	Dolomite limestone, sandstones
Breakwaters	Water absorption, specific gravity, hardness, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, bending resistance	Basalt, peridoneitis, amphibolite Hard sandstone
Road Infrastructure	Grain size, water absorption, specific gravity, hardness, compressive strength	Hardrocks in the area
Railway	Water absorption, specific gravity, hardness, compressive strength, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, damp resistance	Hardrocks in the area
Decorative Works	Special gravity, flexural strength and shear strength (depending on the shape of the work), the resistance of the bandage (in case of the work outside the building), the ctentulation (depending on the design objective)	Hard limestone, marble, marble onyx, igneous rocks and deformable sandstones

The division of construction stones based on various uses (1983, Shestoperov)

Stone Handle	Types
The stonesof the buildings.	Dense limestones, volcanic tuffs, sandstone, alvan granite marbles, diorite, labradorite, sinite, gabbro, basalt and other stones that are available and comply with the conditions of the building.
The stones used in the walls	Lime, sandstone, dolomite, gypsum, volcanic tuffs
Stones used in foundations	Any stone that meets the project’s criteria.
Stones used in road technical buildings	Calcareous and dense rocks, sandstones, tuffs, granite, diorite, gabbro, basalt and other hard and durable rocks
Stonesof the exterior of the building	Calcareous and dense rocks, sandstones, various colored marbles, volcanic tuffs, granite, diorite, gabbro, basalt, sinite, labradorite
Facade stones inside buildings	Polished marbles, gypsum, tuffs, cutters, carbonate cement conglomerates
Building stones for the exterior stairsof the buildings	Sandstone, Granite, Diorite, Gabbro, Basalt, Sinite
Building stones for the interior stairsof the buildings	Granite, Labradorite, Marble
Heat-resistant stones	Talc, Talc Schist, Tuff, Andesite, Basalt, Diabaz
Acid-resistant rocks	Granite, Diorite, Quartzite, Andesite, Trakit, Basalt, Diabaz
Rocks resistant	Dense limestones, doloms, I’m Z, calcareous sandstones.

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