Words and terms related to building stones

Building stone

Building stones are stones that are used with or without physical change in one of the parts of the building, such as foundations, floors, walls, facades, road paving, bridge walls, underground buildings, etc. These stones are divided into three categories: basic stones, decorative stones and facade stones.

underlying rocks

Stones that are used in the form of crushed stone, rubble, slabs, etc. in foundations, pavements of alleys, streets, walls and arches of buildings, walls of bridges and dams, floors of roads and sidewalks. Not much payment is made on these stones; For this reason, they do not have a specific geometric shape. These stones are used in the main physical and supporting parts of the building, road, dam, bridge and wall. This category of stones includes all limestone, sedimentary, igneous and volcanic stones such as tuff, etc., which are found near settlements and places of consumption, which are separated from the mountain as natural debris or can be easily extracted.

Decorative stone

Decorative stones have non-building uses and are used in making decorative objects such as statues, ashtrays, tables, stone containers, photo frames, etc.

stone facade

They are strong stones that have special quality characteristics and after cutting them into different sizes and subbing and polishing them, they are used in parts of buildings and structures that are exposed (such as the covering of internal and external walls, floors of rooms and buildings, walls of subway tunnels). and…) are used. For this purpose, at the very beginning, they should be extracted in the mine in the form of large blocks with specific dimensions to meet the economic and technical needs in transportation and quarrying.

Natural stones

They are completely natural materials that come from quarried blocks of rock that are processed and shaped without adding any foreign material. Carcass stone, river stone, mountain stone, quarried stone and wind stone are examples of natural stones.

River rocks

During the rolling of the stones along the river and their collision with each other and due to the action of erosion, the stones lose their sharp and edged corners and their surface becomes almost smooth and polished. These types of stones are called river stones.

mountain stone

These types of stones are mostly sharp-edged and extracted directly from the quarry. In the process of mining operations in different ways, large pieces of rock are separated from the mountain and transported to the factory for preparation. These pieces are called summit rocks.

Artificial stones

There are materials that are made by combining certain proportions of natural stone fragments with smaller amounts of cement or synthetic resins.

Large blocks

Large pieces of stone (weighing about 20 tons) that are separated from the mass of stone naturally or by various methods of extracting building stones, are called coupes, which are usually divided into smaller pieces and are used to prepare plaques in stone-cutting factories. The weight of the cup depends on the market and the type of stone. In the case of marble, pieces of about 0.5 tons are called coupes.

Mill blockes

Pieces of building stone in the shape of an approximate rectangular large blockes and usually weighing more than ten tons, which are obtained from Kopp and are transported to stone-cutting factories for the preparation of plaques, are called mill blockes.

half Mill blockes

A stone that has at least three sides cut manually or mechanically.

Plaque

Plates of building stone that are prepared in stone factories from Kop or Quarry stone and are divided into the desired parts after sanding and polishing. Plaque stone is used in the interior and exterior decoration of the building and on the floor, stair wall, window floor, next to and under the plaster wall and decorative items such as vases, candlesticks, tables, etc. The thickness and dimensions of the plate change according to the type of consumption and the customer’s taste as follows:

• Stepping stones with a thickness of more than 5 cm

• Covering the exterior and floor of the building or covering the interior walls of the building with a thickness of 2 to 2.5 cm and different dimensions.

• Tiles for covering the interior of the bathroom and kitchen with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm and dimensions of 10.20 cm. In this case, it is very important to be careful about the uniformity of the thickness, length and width of the tile and the smoothness of the sides.

a ruling

A stone that is cut and polished with specific dimensions (for example, 30×30 cm or 40×20 cm, etc.) and sold, which is usually traded in cubic meters.

Longitudinal

A stone whose thickness and width are specified and their length is different and is traded in meters.

plinth stone

The place where the external walls of the building meet the ground is more heavily affected by weather factors such as snow, rain and frost compared to other parts of the building, and usually cement, clay or brick blocks are not resistant to these weather changes and are destroyed very quickly. For this purpose, more resistant materials should be used in these places. Usually, in these places, a row of stones with a height of 25 to 35 cm is placed, and this stone is chosen in such a way that, firstly, it resists the atmospheric factors, and secondly, the color is such that it does not rot quickly and is resistant to the sun. In these places, they usually use dark colored ashlar stone.

Cornerstone

Most of the interior spaces of the building are whitewashed with plaster. Plaster is very weak and sensitive against water. They may want to clean the floors of the rooms, and as a result, the floors of the rooms become wet, and the plaster walls may be damaged as a result of this moisture; Therefore, at the place where the wall meets the floor of the room, a row of stones with a width of 8 to 10 cm is placed to prevent the penetration of moisture into the plaster parts of the wall and also to be a resistant part against possible impacts caused by sweeping and moving the furniture of the room to the base of the wall. Enters, creates. This stone is placed with cement and its thickness is about 1 cm.