Installation of building stones

The most important step after choosing the stone and moving it to the desired place is installing the slab stone. Installation of stones should be done by experts and experienced people in this field, because the smallest problems in the installation of stones can cause destruction, fall or removal over time.

Two important factors and choices in choosing the method of installing building stones:

type of stone

This selected stone is granite or porcelain or marble, etc., it will be effective in the installation method. Some stones have good adhesion due to their high porosity, while others require other methods of installation due to their heavy weight and low adhesion.

For example, it is easier to install travertine stone in the facade of the building than to install granite stone due to its high porosity and greater adhesion. Therefore, the amount of porosity, adhesion, stone weight, etc. are all effective in choosing the installation method.

Stone installation site

To determine the stone installation method, the place of its execution must also be examined; Installation of stone in dry and wet spaces, such as services, as well as installation of stone on the floor, exterior or interior of the building, roof, etc., is performed with different methods. By combining these factors, an experienced and skilled stone installer chooses which method to use for stone installation.

In general, according to the type of stone and the implementation steps, there are several main methods for installing building stone, which we will mention below.

The most common methods of installing building stones are as follows:

1- Stone installation using cement mortar

This method is widely used for building stone (face stone and floor). Cement sand mortar is the oldest and most common method used to install stone. But with the passage of time, it has been proven that using cement-sand mortar to install all the stones is not a suitable method. Because some stones are easily separated from the mortar bed due to low adhesion.

In the stone installation method using cement sand mortar:

• The back of the stone is filled with an appropriate amount of mortar, sand, cement and grout so that the stone sticks to the surface.
• After the stone has so-called a certain amount of its own, we implement the next stone and repeat the grouting process again.

In order to have proper adhesion of the stone, it should be noted that waste and poor quality materials should not be used in the slurry.

2- Installing stones using pieces of stones

One of the reliable methods for installing stones with a small thickness, which cannot be grooved or drilled, and there is a possibility of their failure, is to use a piece of stone.

In this method:

• A stone is cut into a pyramid.
• Using special adhesives, they stick it to the back of the desired stone and the work floor.
• Finally, the back surface of the stone is filled with cement mortar and sand.

3- Installing stone using wire and wire

This method is one of the best installation methods for heavy stones (such as granite) with low adhesion, where it is possible to create a groove in the diameter of the stone.

In this method:

• First, two diagonal grooves are created in the stone
• A wire is crossed through the grooves. The diameter of these grooves and wire is usually 2 mm (for some stones such as travertine due to the low thickness of 10 to 12 mm).
• After installing the wire on the back of the stone, pour cement slurry and sand behind it to cover the wire and its different parts will stick to the work surface.

4- Installing the stone using a scope hook

Scooping stone is one of the best methods of installing building stone. This method is not only strong and reliable, but also preserves the beauty and strength of the stone.

In this method:

• They create holes and grooves on the back of the stone.
• They put a special bite in these grooves.
• Finally, these stones are placed on the site and fixed with cement.

5- Dry implementation method (dry porcelain)

Another method for stone installation is the dry installation method, which has been expanding in Iran since the seventies.

Several methods are used for dry installation, depending on the location and installation conditions. For example, in a place like the floor, by gluing the glass behind the stone, it is installed in the desired place, but in the execution of the facade and the body, the surface of the facade is drawn and by installing pin clamps (hooks and metal rake) behind the stone. , the stone enters the chassis as a slide.

One of the disadvantages of this method compared to the grouting method is that it is not possible to implement broken and classic facades easily.

In addition to what was said about the installation methods, screws and plate rolls are also used for stone installation. This method is used to secure pre-installed stones, which are loose and prone to fall.